In contrast, men showed higher increases in blood pressure than woman. Acute adverse effects and sequelae were also more frequent in female than in male subjects. The dose of MDMA positively correlated with the intensity of perceptual changes in women. Women especially had higher scores for MDMA-induced perceptual changes, thought disturbances, and fear of loss of body control. Psychoactive effects of MDMA were more intense in women than in men. Adverse drug effects were assessed during the experimental session and after 24 h. Physiological measures were blood pressure, heart rate, and peripheral body temperature. Subjective peak changes were assessed by standardized psychometric rating scales. MDMA in oral doses ranging from 70-150 mg (1.35-1.8 mg/kg) was administered under double-blind placebo-controlled conditions. A particular focus of the analyses were possible gender differences.Ī total of 74 subjects (54 male, 20 female) participated in all three studies. The present work analyzed the pooled data from three controlled studies on the psychological and physiological effects of MDMA in healthy volunteers with no or minimal MDMA experience. To date, there are no systematic data on gender differences in the subjective effects of MDMA. 5-HT is known to play an important role in mood and anxiety disorders, for which there is a female preponderance. 3.4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) mainly releases serotonin (5-HT) and is contained in the recreational drug Ecstasy.
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